Lubricant



Patented June 29, 1943 LUBRICANT Clarence M. Loane, Hammond, Ind and James 'W. Gaynor, Chicago, 111.. assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Indiana UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE No Drawing. Application September 8., 1m, Serial No. 359,088

'1 Claims. (Cl. 252-47) This invention relates to lubricants and particularly to improvements in lubricating oil compositions intended for use in internal combustion engines under severe conditions wherein corrosion, piston ring and cylinder wear, carbon, and

nish and carbon formation is excessive, and corrosion of improved hard metal alloy bearings is encountered.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a lubricant for internal combustion engines which will be effective in providing adequate lubrication for such engines.

It is a further object of the invention to pro vide a lubricant which will not be inducive to the formation of varnish and/or carbon. Another object of the invention is to provide a lubricant which will reduce enginewear and be noncorrosive to bearings. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the description thereof proceeds.

We have discovered that an improved lubricant can be obtained by blending a mineral lubrieating oil with from about .05% to about preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, of a sulfurized fatty material such as sperm oil, lard oil, tallow and the like and from about .05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, of a complex glyceride phosphoric acid ester such as natural and synthetic phosphatides, for example, lecithin, cephalin, and the mixed phosphatides derived from soybean oil or other commercial sources. Also suitable for this purpose are other esters of phosphoricacid, preferably those containing an amine or quaternary ammonium group.

The sulfurized fatty material should contain from about 5% to about sulfur and should be blended with the oil in amounts suiiicient to produce a resultant blend containing from about .05% to about 1.0% added sulfur.

The laboratory tests and engine tests have demonstrated that the blend of mineral oil, sulfurized fatty material, such as sulfurized sperm as a commercial lecithin. possesses extremely satisfactory detergent properties and outstanding stability. Tests were made in a standard six cylinder automobile engine operated at 35 brake horsepower at 8,000 B. P. M. and with an oil sump temperature at 285 F. After sixty hours operation under these conditions, theengine as inspected after eachtest, was given the following visual rating; a substantially "clean" engine being given a'rating of 10.

TABLE I 15 Visual inspection ratings Oil Crank- Ring Over- Varnlsh case carbon sludge all 1 com: s s 4 4.7

2 Control+l% commercial lecithin 8 8 10 8.3 8 No. 244% sulfnriacd sperm'oil 0 l0 0 9.3 4 Control+3% sulfuriscd sperm oil 6 5 d 5.8

The engine tests as summarized in the above tabulation show that the commercial lecithin effected a reduction in the varnish or lacquerlike deposits normally found on piston skirts, valve stems, guides, etc. Lecithin also decreased the amount of sludge formed on the crankshaft cheeks, on the oil screen. in the oil pan, etc. Sulfurized sperm oil when used as the sole compounding ageut in concentrations sufilcient to give 0.8% added sulfur, lessened by only a small amount varnish forming tendency, ring carbon and crankcase sludge. Commercial lecithin and sulfurized sperm oil in combination eflected a great reduction in varnish formation, and practically eliminated crankcase sludge and ring carbon, and rendered excellent all-around perform ance as gauged by the general cleanliness of the engine.

In another test the detergency of the compounded oil was evaluated by measuring the accumulation of the deposits-on a metal screen used in an oil filter on a tractor engine. The metal screen filter had a spacing of 0.001 inch and the amount of sludge accumulated on the screen was determined after the tractor engine had been operated at 33 brake horsepower at 1,800 B. P. M. for thirty hours. In Table II are oil, and the glyceride phosphoric acid ester ruch ss tabulated the data obtained in this test.

TABLE II DETERGENCY (FILTER Dzrosn) Tzsrs 33 B. H. P. at 1800 R. P. M.tractor engine Metal-screen type filter element 0.001" spacing Added Weight sulfur of Test Oil in deposit final in 30 blend hrs.

Per cent 6mm 20 S. A. E. grade oil 25 99% 20 S. A. E. grade oil+i7 commercial lecithim. 3 98% 20 S. A. E. grade 0 commercial lecitbim- 3 97% 20 S. A. E. grade oil+3% sulfurired sperm oiL. 0. 3 20 96% 20 S. A. E. grade oil-H7 commercial lecithim. a 3 o 96% 20 s. A. E. grade oil+3% suliuriled sperm oil 98% 20 S. A. B. grade oil+1% commercial lecithin" o 1 0 5 98% 20 S. A. E. grade oil+l% suliurined sperm oiL.

The above data show that the phosphatides impart readily discernible detergency to the motor oil, whereas suliurized sperm oil alone does not. "The detergency provided by the commercial lecithin and sulfurized sperm oil in combination is superior to that aflorded by the commercial lecithin alone.

It is to be understood that modifications and variations falling within the terms and spirit of the appended claims are included within the scope of the invention which is not limited by the various details disclosed and described.

We claim:

1. A lubricant comprising a lubricating oil, from about 0.05% to about 5% of a glyceride phosphoric acid ester and from about 0.05% to about 10% of a suliurized fatty oil.

2. A lubricant comprising a lubricating oil, from about 0.05% to about 5% of a glyceride phosphoric acid ester and from about 0.5% to about 10% sulfurizecl sperm oil.

3. A lubricant comprising a lubricating oil, from about 0.05% to about 5% of a phosphatide and from about 0.05% to about 10% of a sulfurized fatty oil.

4. A lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil, from about 0.05% to about 5% of a phosphatide and from about 0.05% to about 10% sulfurized sperm oil.

5. A lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil, from about 0.05% to about 5% of mixed phosphatides and from about 0.05% to about 10% of a sulfurized fatty oil.

6. A lubricant as described in claim 5 in which the sulfurized fatty oil is suliurized sperm oil.

7. A lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil, about 0.5% to about 2% lecithin and about 0.5% to about 5% suliurized sperm oil.

CLARENCE M. LOANE. JAMES W. GAY'NOR.

- CERTIFICATE or comcrxon. Patent. No. 2,522,859. I June 29, 1915.

cmmcr n. LOARE, ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered. petent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, sec-'- ond column, line 8, claim 2, for "0.5%" read -O.O5%-,- and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of thecase in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 27th day or July, A. D. 1915.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

